{"id":798,"date":"2024-03-03T07:58:32","date_gmt":"2024-03-03T07:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/?page_id=798"},"modified":"2024-03-04T09:21:21","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T09:21:21","slug":"display-case-2-stucco-frecoes-marbles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/?page_id=798&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"DISPLAY CASE 2 &#8211; STUCCO &#8211; FRECOES -MARBLES"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"798\" class=\"elementor elementor-798\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-943a685 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"943a685\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45eb557 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45eb557\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25328a7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25328a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f42ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f42ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 28-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DISPLAY CASE  2<br>\nSTUCCHO \u2013 FRESCOES \u2013 MARBLES<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36fa5da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36fa5da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 28-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><b>STUCCO<\/b><\/p><p>Stucco consists of a mixture of finely crushed plaster or marble, lime and pozzolan. It is often worked wet by kneading it and it is shaping it with the help of moulds or freehand. Finally, it is painted.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Bas-relief decorations were obtained in this way and in ancient times they were widely used in internal and external architecture, for vaults, ceilings, and walls.\u00a0 Of the fragments found in Villa Rufione red, yellow, and blue painted stucco reflect the decorations found in the frescoes, with ornamental lines for palmettes, ovules and dentils (1, 2, 3), busts (4), while others have been used to embellish structural elements such as lintels or columns. A white stucco scroll (5) adorned a Corinthian capital, and a &#8220;dentil\u201d, a tooth like decoration (6), were part of the entablatures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88c6d78 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-media_audio\" data-id=\"88c6d78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-media_audio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5>LISTEN TO THE AUDIO GUIDE<\/h5><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-798-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/stucco.wav?_=1\" \/><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/stucco.wav?_=1\" \/><a 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.swiper-container{position:static}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container .swiper-slide figure,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper .swiper-slide figure{line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-slide{text-align:center}.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper:not(.swiper-container-initialized):not(.swiper-initialized) .swiper-slide{max-width:calc(100% \/ var(--e-image-carousel-slides-to-show, 3))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 di 6\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f997928\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1 STUCCO DIPINTO\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImY5OTc5MjgifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/1.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"1 STUCCO DIPINTO\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">1 STUCCO DIPINTO<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 di 6\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f997928\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzIwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImY5OTc5MjgifQ%3D%3D\" 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data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f997928\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"5 voluta di capitello\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzIzLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC81LXZvbHV0YS1kaS1jYXBpdGVsbG8uanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZjk5NzkyOCJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-voluta-di-capitello.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-voluta-di-capitello-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"5 voluta di capitello\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">5 voluta di capitello<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"6 di 6\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f997928\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"6 dentello\" 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>FRESCOES\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p>The fresco is an ancient painting technique. The colour was made with pigments, generally of mineral origin which were diluted in water and then applied to the fresh plaster. Once the plaster had proved, the colour became fixed and was both water resistant and permanent.\u00a0 Both Vitruvius and Pliny the Elder write about \u00a0the preparation of the different layers of plaster on which the paint was spread (<em>Tectorium<\/em>). A curl of mortar mixed with lime was applied to the wall, on which a thin layer of plaster was applied. As a rule as many as seven layers of stratification were required, although only in very rare cases was this rule respected to the letter. The last layer was laid at the same time as the fresco was executed and the surface needed to remain damp while being decorated. Decoration could take several days.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The subjects depicted could be many and varied according to the taste that time. In our case, the frescos are decorative (palmettes, waves and scrolls) that divided the wall both horizontally and vertically, but there is no shortage of everyday objects, animals, or human depictions. Some of the colours used were so precious that they were supplied directly by the client. These were: <em>Armenium<\/em> and <em>Indicum<\/em>, which were used to make blues; <em>Chriscolla<\/em> was used for greenery; and <em>minium<\/em> and <em>Cinnabris<\/em>, mixed with other colours, created &#8220;Pompeian red&#8221;.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Four Pompeian styles found in antique frescoes. In style I (approximately 200-100 BCE): there was an abundant use of relief and coloured stucco, imitating the polychrome marble block walls seen in Hellenistic palaces. In the second style (approx. 100-30 BCE): there was a prevalence of figures and the use of perspective. In the third style (approx. 30 BCE \u2013 50 CE) profound differences in the conception of space can be seen. Whilst in the fourth style (approx. 50-79 CE) there was a clear freedom of expression with the reworking of previous styles.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In Villa Rufione\u2019s frescos there is a prevalence of third and fourth styles, with foundations in perspective, and false windows, etc.. Here you can see a female face with red hair (7), a male body holding a pole in his left hand (8), a <em>Flamenn<\/em>\u00a0 (priest) (9), part of a female body with a yellow tunic with her left arm bent over her belly (10), and a legionnaire&#8217;s shield (11).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c845f6 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-media_audio\" data-id=\"1c845f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-media_audio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5>LISTEN TO THE AUDIO GUIDE<\/h5><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-798-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/frescoes.wav?_=2\" \/><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/frescoes.wav?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/frescoes.wav\">https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/frescoes.wav<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c42aabd elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"c42aabd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 di 5\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c42aabd\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"11\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xMS0zLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImM0MmFhYmQifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/11-3.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/11-3-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"11\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">11<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 di 5\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c42aabd\" 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data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC85LTEuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYzQyYWFiZCJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/9-1.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/9-1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"9\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">9<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 di 5\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c42aabd\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"8\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzE1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC84LTEuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYzQyYWFiZCJ9\" 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class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">7<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-673dcd0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"673dcd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9e7e4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b9e7e4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c8b2c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c8b2c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a561061 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a561061\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-569d367 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"569d367\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>THE MARBLES<\/b><\/p><p>A large quantity of marble were found at the site in Giano dell&#8217;Umbria, indicative of a rich patronage. Marble slabs covered floors and walls up to about 1m in height. The coloured marble came from quarries throughout the Mediterranean basin. Cipollino marble (12) came from numerous quarries located on the southwest coast of the island of Euboea, Greece, between the present-day cities of Styra and Karystos. Some of these ancient quarries permitted marble slabs over 100 meters long to be extracted. The marble was exported to Rome from the first century BCE, it was used until the late fifth century, in the Byzantine Age. African marble (13) spread rapidly in Rome and was used for floor and wall cladding, basins, and columns. Bigio marble (14) was extracted from quarries located near the ancient city of Teos, near Izmir, Turkey. Also known as Numidian marble, ancient yellow marble (15) was taken from quarries located near the ancient city of Simitthus in Tunisia. The quarries soon became imperial property, and this variety of marble was widely used for column shafts and wall and floor coverings in public buildings in the cities closest to the Mediterranean coast.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Pavonazzetto marble (16), whose name is derived from the Latin for peacock, is a type of white marble with dark purple veins, as in the peacock&#8217;s tail. It is also called Phrygian, due to its origin from the homonymous region of Asia Minor in Turkey. The pavonazzetto was one of the most sought-after and widespread coloured marbles in ancient Rome; it was used for floors, ornaments, columns and statues as, for example, those in Trajan\u2019s Forum. The Portasanta (17) was one of the most widely used marbles in Rome. It was quarried on the Greek island of Chios in Greece. Today it is called &#8220;Portasanta&#8221; marble because it was reused in the jambs of the Holy Door of St. Peter&#8217;s in the Vatican. It was quarried in large quantities and used in Rome from the second century BCE.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a52ae22 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"a52ae22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 di 8\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a52ae22\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"12 cipollino apuano\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzI3LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xMi1DSVBPTExJTk8tQVBVQU5PXzEwMzAuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTUyYWUyMiJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/12-CIPOLLINO-APUANO_1030.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/12-CIPOLLINO-APUANO_1030-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"12 cipollino apuano\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">12 cipollino apuano<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 di 8\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a52ae22\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"13 africano\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzI4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xMy1hZnJpY2Fuby5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJhNTJhZTIyIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/13-africano.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/13-africano-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"13 africano\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">13 africano<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 di 8\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a52ae22\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"14 africano variet\u00e0 bigia\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzI5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xNC1hZnJpY2Fuby12YXJpZXRhLWJpZ2lhLnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImE1MmFlMjIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/14-africano-varieta-bigia.png\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/14-africano-varieta-bigia-150x150.png\" alt=\"14 africano variet\u00e0 bigia\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">14 africano variet\u00e0 bigia<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 di 8\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a52ae22\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"15 giallo antico\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzMwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xNS1naWFsbGFudC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJhNTJhZTIyIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/15-giallant.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/15-giallant-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"15 giallo antico\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">15 giallo antico<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 di 8\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a52ae22\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"16 pavonazzetto (2)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzMxLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xNi1wYXZvbmF6emV0dG8tMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJhNTJhZTIyIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/16-pavonazzetto-2.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/16-pavonazzetto-2-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"16 pavonazzetto (2)\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">16 pavonazzetto (2)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"6 di 8\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a52ae22\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"16 pavonazzetto\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzMyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xNi1wYXZvbmF6emV0dG8uanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTUyYWUyMiJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/16-pavonazzetto.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/16-pavonazzetto-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"16 pavonazzetto\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">16 pavonazzetto<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"7 di 8\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a52ae22\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"17 portasanta\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzMzLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xNy1wb3J0YXNhbnRhLUltbWFnaW5lLTIwMjQtMDEtMjktMDcwODUyLnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImE1MmFlMjIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/17-portasanta-Immagine-2024-01-29-070852.png\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/17-portasanta-Immagine-2024-01-29-070852-150x150.png\" alt=\"17 portasanta\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">17 portasanta<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"8 di 8\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a52ae22\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"17 portasanta\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzM0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1hcGVtLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8xNy1wb3J0YXNhbnRhLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImE1MmFlMjIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/17-portasanta.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/17-portasanta-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"17 portasanta\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">17 portasanta<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d1105 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-media_audio\" data-id=\"33d1105\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-media_audio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5>LISTEN TO THE AUDIO GUIDE<\/h5><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-798-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/marbles.wav?_=3\" \/><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/marbles.wav?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/marbles.wav\">https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/marbles.wav<\/a><\/audio>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DISPLAY CASE 2 STUCCHO \u2013 FRESCOES \u2013 MARBLES STUCCO Stucco consists of a mixture of finely crushed plaster or marble, lime and pozzolan. It is often worked wet by kneading it and it is shaping it with the help of moulds or freehand. Finally, it is painted. \u00a0 Bas-relief decorations were obtained in this way [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-798","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/798","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=798"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/798\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":983,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/798\/revisions\/983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapem.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}